Purpose: To analyze the interaction between the cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) and urethral tissue when used as a pubovaginal sling. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups. In groups A and B the cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) was implanted around the urethral tissue (bladder neck below the upper margin) and the rats were sacrificed at 30 and 90 days. Similar procedure was used in groups C and D using a polypropylene mesh. After sacrifice bladder and urethra were sent for histological analysis. The histological parameters (inflammatory reaction) by evaluated by quantitative analysis. For collagen deposition analysis it was used stereological method. Results: The cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) was inert and well preserved at the implanted region at the time of examination. Morphologic alterations were not found at the CEC implant but some reactions of foreign body type were observed at the adjacent structures. In some areas a process of neovascular formation was observed. Stereological analysis at the suburethral area showed a significant difference in collagen presence in favor of CEC. Conclusions: The CEC implant showed adequate results when used as a suburethral sling with good integration to the host tissue, preserving its architecture.

Objetivo: O presente trabalho dá prosseguimento ao estudo da validade de equações para valores teóricos (VT) para cálculos espirométricos na população brasileira. Foi feita a comparação entre as equações propostas por Mallozzi (VT-M) para população brasileira e as de Polgar (VT-P), utilizadas especialmente na Europa e Estados Unidos. Métodos: Foram analisados os VT medidos em 185 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 6 e 17 anos, sendo 89 meninos e 96 meninas. Para cada paciente foi feito o cálculo do VT para CVF, VEF1 e FEF25-75 segundo as equações de Mallozi VT-M e de Polgar VT-P. Em seguida foram comparados os laudos obtidos por um e por outro, segundo o Consenso de Espirometria da SBPT. Resultados: O VT-M para CVF é 0,38% maior para os meninos e 2,19% para as meninas que o calculado segundo Polgar. Os VT-P para o VEF1 são 6,67% (p < 0,05) menores para as meninas e 7,26% para os meninos. Para o FEF25-75 os valores diferem apenas em 0,35 e 0,43% para cada um dos sexos, sem significância estatística. Conclusão: Os VTs de CVF e VEF1 para crianças brasileiras, avaliados segundo Mallozzi, diferem significativamente quanto aos VTs de Polgar. Como conseqüência, encontramos, utilizando as equações de Mallozzi, tendência maior em diagnosticar dificuldade obstrutiva e menor em achados de insuficiência ventilatória restritiva.

Objective: This paper is a continuation of the study on the validity of equations of predicted value (PV) for the Brazilian population. A comparison was made between the equations proposed by Mallozi and by Polgar for the Brazilian population, which are mainly used in the United States and Europe. Methods: PVs of 185 patients of both sexes (89 boys and 96 girls), ages between 6 and 17 years, were analyzed. For each subject, the PVs for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 sec. (FEV1), and the medium expiratory flow (MEF) were calculated according to the equations proposed by Mallozi and Polgar. Results were compared. Diagnoses were made according to the Brazilian Consensus of Spirometry. Results: The PV-M for FVC is 0.38% higher for boys and 2.19% higher for girls than that determined by Polgar. The PV-P for FEV1 is 6.67% (p < 0.05) lower for girls, suggesting an underassessment of the obstructive impairment. For boys, a mean lower value of 7.26% as compared to the VT-M is at the limit of significance (0.05 < p < 0.01). No significant difference between the two equations analyzed was found for MEF. Conclusions: The PVs for CVF and VEF1 for Brazilian children, according to Mallozzi, are significantly different when compared to those published by authors like Polgar. As a result, the authors found that Mallozzi's equations are more likely to detect obstructive impairment and less likely to diagnose restrictive ventilatory insufficiency.

Em revisão de 1991, a American Thoracic Society (ATS) recomenda que cada região defina equações próprias para obtenção dos valores teóricos (VTs) dos parâmetros espirométricos, que traduzam a realidade funcional para a população local. Quando dessa recomendação, os EUA já dispunham de diversos sistemas de equações próprios, bem como a Comunidade Européia e a Polônia em particular. Em 1992, Pereira et al., analisando 4.200 espirogramas de brasileiros normais, encontraram VT para capacidade vital forçada (CVF), volume expiratório forçado de 1 seg. (VEF1) e de fluxo expiratório médio (FEF25-75) diferentes dos descritos pelos autores americanos e europeus. Este estudo foi realizado para comparar as equações de Pereira et al., desenvolvida a partir de amostra de população brasileira, e as americanas de Knudson et al., bastante utilizadas em nosso meio. Foi também investigada a conseqüente influência nos laudos espirométricos, quando uma ou outra é empregada. Foram analisados 1.070 espirogramas de pacientes de ambos os sexos (389 homens e 681 mulheres) que vieram ao serviço para avaliação funcional de rotina. Não foi excluída qualquer patologia nem levada em conta a situação tabágica do paciente. Para cada paciente foi feito o cálculo do VT para CVF, VEF1 e FEF25-75 segundo as equações de Pereira (VT-P) e de Knudson 1983 (VT-K) e comparados as médias, desvios padrões e os laudos obtidos por um e por outro. Os VT-K para a CVF foram de 4,01% [p < 0,005] maiores entre as mulheres, levando a sobrevalorização das restrições respiratórias, mas entre os homens não houve diferença relevante. Quanto à VEF1, os VT-P foram superiores tanto em homens (4,76% [p < 0,005]) como em mulheres (5,04% [p < 0,05]), levando a maior sensibilidade na identificação de obstruções respiratórias. Não se observou diferença relevante entre os VT-P e VT-K para o FEF25-75 em nenhum dos sexos.

In its 1991revision, the American Thorax Society (ATS) recommended that each region should define its own equations to determine the theoretical, or predicted values of the spirometric parameters that best represent the pulmonary functional reality of the local population. At that time, the United States already had various equations of its own as well as the European Community, specially Poland. In 1992, Pereira et al., analysing 4,200 spirograms on healthy Brazilians, found predicted values (PV) of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and middle expiratory flow (MEF) different from those reported by American and European authors. The purpose of the present study was to compare the equations developed by Pereira et al., using a Brazilian sample population, with those determined by Knudson et al. for American populations, that are the most used by Brazilian specialists. This study included 1,070 spirograms performed in patients of both genders (389 males and 681 females) who came to our service for routine functional assessment. No pathology was excluded and the smoking status of the patients was not taken into account. For each patient the PV of FVC, FEV1 and MEF were calculated accordingly to the equations of Pereira et al. (PV-P) and Knudsen et al. (PV-K). Subsequently, the means, standard deviations and reports obtained by both methods were compared. Among females, the PV-K of FVC were 4,01% (p < 0.005) greater, leading to a higher rate of restrictive impairment whereas among males there was no significant difference. Regarding FEV1, PV-P were higher in both males (4.76%; p < 0.005) and females (5.04%; p < 0.05) resulting in a greater sensitivity in the identification of respiratory obstructions. No significant difference was observed between PV-P and PV-K as to FEF25-75 regardless of gender.